Hom hlau twg yog titanium?

Titanium yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hlau nyob rau ntawm lub rooj zaum, nrog tus lej atomic 22 thiab cim Ti. Nws yog categorized raws li ib tug refractory hlau, txhais tau tias nws muaj ib tug siab melting point thiab yog resistant rau tshav kub thiab hnav.TitaniumMuaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog, qis ntom ntom thiab corrosion tsis kam uas ua rau nws tseem ceeb cov qauv hlau.

Nyob rau lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, titanium belongs rau pab pawg neeg 4 nrog rau lwm yam kev hloov pauv hlau xws li zirconium, hafnium thiab rhenium. Nws muaj plaub qhov tshwm sim ntawm isotopes. Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog [Ar] 4s2 3d2. Titanium muaj atomic radius ntawm 176 pm, atomic hnyav 47.9 g / mol thiab ceev ntawm 4.5 g / cm3.

Puas yog titanium yog hlau hlau?

Yog lawm, titanium yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hlau uas muaj cov khoom siv hlau zoo:

Nws yog ib qho zoo heev conductor ntawm tshav kub thiab hluav taws xob, zoo li lwm yam hlau ntsiab. Cov hluav taws xob conductivity yog kwv yees li 2 feem pua ​​​​IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard).

Nws muaj qhov zoo li silvery-grey metallic tsos thaum polished, tab sis tuaj yeem ua grey tsaus rau dub nyob ntawm qhov chaw oxidation.

Titanium yog malleable thiab ductile, tso cai rau nws yuav tsum tau forged, dov, kos rau hauv hlau thiab machined rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv.

Nws adheres zoo rau lwm yam hlau thaum welded los yog brazed. Cov txheej oxide yuav xav tau kev tshem tawm ua ntej koom.

Titanium alloys ua hauj lwm-harden ho thaum lub sij hawm txias deformation ua xws li cov ntawv hlau sib sau, zoo ib yam li lwm yam khoom siv hlau.

Nyob rau hauv hmoov daim ntawv,titanium hlaunthuav tawm sinterability thaum lub sij hawm hmoov metallurgy cov tswv yim zoo li kub isostatic nias.

Yog li titanium nthuav tawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hlau tiag tiag, txawm tias muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb piv rau lwm cov hlau hloov pauv. Nws nyob ib qho chaw tseem ceeb ntawm lub rooj zaum ntawm cov hlau reactive thiab noble hlau.

Puas yog titanium yog ib qho nyuaj lossis mos hlau?

Ntawm Mohs hardness scale, kev lag luam ntshiab titanium qhab nia nyob ib ncig ntawm 6, uas tsim nyog nws yog ib qho nyuaj hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv alloyed, titanium tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov hardness ntawm ntau tshaj 400 HV ntawm Vickers nplai, nce qib hardness ntawm cov hlau hnyav dua li hlau.

Qee qhov tseeb ntawm titanium hardness:

Lub hexagonal kaw-packed siv lead ua qauv ntawm titanium contributes rau kuj siab hardness rau ib tug sib sib zog nqus hlau.

Alloying ntxiv xws li txhuas, vanadium thiab molybdenum ntxiv zog ntxiv los ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab nag lossis daus ntxiv.

Ua hauj lwm hardening cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm txias ua ib tug hardness spike nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm titanium khoom.

Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov zoo li kev laus tuaj yeem siv los xaiv cov tawv tawv titanium los ntawm kev tswj cov theem hloov pauv.

Qhov nruab nrab, titanium alloys yog li ob zaug nyuaj li aluminium alloys tab sis me ntsis softer dua hlau-raws li alloys xws li steels.

Yog li thaum tsis nyob rau saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm hardness ntsuam xyuas, titanium muaj txaus hardness rau structural engineering daim ntaub ntawv thaum tseem tuav zoo ductility thiab toughness - ib tug xav tau kev sib xyaw.

titanium hlau yog dab tsi?

Titanium hlau yog tsim los ntawm titanium atoms. Nws muaj qhov hnyav atomic ntawm 47.9 amu thiab tus lej atomic 22. Qee qhov tseeb ntawm titanium hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg:

Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, kev lag luam titanium muaj 99.5-99.9 feem pua ​​​​titanium atoms los ntawm qhov hnyav. Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon thiab hlau ua rau cov seem.

Cov qib alloy muaj lwm cov ntsiab lus xws li txhuas, vanadium, molybdenum thiab chromium ntxiv los txhim kho cov khoom.

Titanium muaj tsib cov isotopes tshwm sim, tab sis tsuas yog Ti-48 thiab Ti-50 yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Ti-48 ua rau 73 feem pua ​​​​thaum Ti-50 ua 5.5 feem pua ​​.

Muaj tsib daim ntawv siv lead ua allotropic ntawm titanium, tab sis lub hexagonal kaw-packed alpha theem yog ruaj khov ntawm chav tsev kub.

Thaum lub sij hawm melting, ntshiab titanium hloov los ntawm HCP alpha qauv mus rau qhov kub siab dua BCC beta theem ntawm 1668 degree F (825 degree ).

Alloying ntsiab xws li molybdenum, vanadium thiab chromium stabilize lub beta theem, cia nws nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub.

Yog li hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev lag luam ntshiab titanium hlau muaj feem ntau ntawm titanium atoms nyob rau hauv ib qho kev npaj hexagonal. Alloy qib tailor microstructure thiab cov khoom los ntawm kev ntxiv ntawm lwm yam hlau.

Puas yog titanium yog hlau muaj zog?

Yog, titanium yog ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj zog hlau txheeb ze rau nws qhov ntom ntom. Nyob rau hauv lub zog-rau-hnyav, titanium alloys ua tau zoo piv rau nruab nrab carbon steels tab sis yuav luag 50 feem pua ​​sib dua.

Qee qhov tseeb tseem ceeb ntawm titanium lub zog:

Kev lag luam ntshiab titanium muaj zog tensile qib nyob ib ncig ntawm 63, 000 psi. Alloys txhim kho qhov no loj heev rau 160, 000 psi lossis ntau dua.

Qhov kawg tensile lub zog ntawm titanium alloys yog siab tshaj aluminium alloys, magnesium alloys thiab tooj liab alloys.

Titanium tuav nws lub zog siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias zoo dua li lwm cov alloys sib xws li txhuas.

Thaum siv rau cov khoom siv, titanium ua rau muaj peev xwm them taus ntau dua thiab txuag roj piv rau cov khoom siv hlau hnyav dua.

Lub zog ntawm titanium alloys tuaj yeem raug kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov, tso cai rau tus kws tsim khoom siv los tsim qhov zoo tshaj plaws sib npaug.

Yog li titanium kom meej meej nyob rau hauv cov muaj zog tshaj nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm lub teeb yuag structural hlau. Nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb ua rau kev ua tau zoo hauv cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb xws li aircrafts, missiles, thiab lub zog tsim hluav taws xob turbines.

Cov ntaub ntawv:

C. Leyens thiab M. Peters, eds. (2003). Titanium thiab Titanium Alloys. Wiley-VCH.

M. Niinomi, ed. (2008). Hlau rau Biomedical Devices. Woodhead Publishing.

M. Donachie Jr. (2000). Titanium: Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Txuj Ci. ASM International.

G. Lütjering thiab J. Williams (2007). Titanium. Springer Science & Kev Lag Luam Media.

ASM Phau Ntawv Qhia, Vol 2 - Cov Khoom thiab Kev Xaiv: Nonferrous Alloys thiab Cov Khoom Siv Tshwj Xeeb (1990). ASM International.