Kev txhim kho thiab siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm titanium alloys rau aerospace

Txij li thaum muaj kev lag luam ntawm titanium hauv xyoo 1940s, nws tau siv dav hauv aerospace, tub rog kev lag luam, marine vim nws lub zog siab, zoo corrosion kuj, tsis muaj hlau nplaum, zoo vuam kev ua tau zoo thiab lwm yam zoo, nrog rau superconductivity, nco thiab lwm yam zoo. Nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob, petrochemical, lub zog tsim, superconductivity, thiab lwm yam, nws muaj lub koob npe nrov ntawm "Almighty Hlau", "Marine Metal", "Peb Hlau", "Modern Metal" thiab hais txog. Nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom zoo heev ntawm titanium, nws daim ntawv thov tau nthuav dav, thiab nws yuav dhau los ua cov hlau thib peb tom qab hlau thiab txhuas. Raws li lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm titanium hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, aviation, high-tech thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Russia, Britain, Fabkis thiab lwm lub zog tub rog thiab Nyiv thiab lwm lub tebchaws, thiab tau teev tseg raws li ib qho kev lag luam. tseem ceeb structural hlau nrog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm titanium science thiab technology, nrog rau cov alloys tshiab, tshiab melting technologies thiab daim ntawv thov technologies, tab tom hloov sai heev. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam titanium tau ntsib kev nce thiab nqis rau ze li 40 xyoo. Nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub xeev, nws tau ua tiav zoo thiab tsim nws tus kheej kev lag luam titanium ywj pheej. Xyoo 2000, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim 1,751 tons ntawm titanium daim txhuam cev thiab 2,206 tons ntawm titanium cov ntaub ntawv tiav. Xyoo 2008, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim 49,632 tons ntawm titanium daim txhuam cev, nce 27.3 zaug hauv 8 xyoo. Hauv xyoo 2008, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim 27,737 tons ntawm titanium cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav, nce 11.6 npaug. sij hawm.

Vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm titanium alloy raw cov ntaub ntawv, 70 feem pua ​​-80 feem pua ​​​​ntawm titanium cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws yog siv nyob rau hauv aviation thiab aerospace industries. Qhov kev thov rau titanium alloys nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws aviation thiab aerospace teb kuj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog loj. Tam sim no, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm titanium alloys siv nyob rau hauv advanced aircraft nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws yog hais txog 10 feem pua ​​-12 feem pua, qhov feem pua ​​ntawm titanium siv nyob rau hauv tub rog aircraft yog siab dua, li ntawm 20 feem pua ​​-30 feem pua, thiab qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm titanium siv nyob rau hauv tub rog aircraft cav yog ntau tshaj 30 feem pua. . Tus nqi ntawm titanium siv nyob rau hauv cov foob pob ua ntxaij tshiab thiab missiles kuj nce.

Daim ntawv no tsuas yog qhia txog kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv titanium nyob rau hauv aviation thiab aerospace teb nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, Russia, Britain, Nyiv thiab Tuam Tshoj, uas yuav ua tau raws li ib tug siv rau daim ntawv thov thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam titanium nyob rau hauv aviation. thiab aerospace teb.

Raws li lub tswv yim tsim ntawm lub dav hlau maj mam hloov ntawm lub zog zoo li qub yav dhau los mus rau kev nyab xeeb---lub neej, kev puas tsuaj--- kev nyab xeeb, thiab kom txog rau thaum lub tswv yim tsim kev puas tsuaj niaj hnub no, cov ntaub ntawv titanium alloy siab heev tau maj mam txav mus rau siab. tawg toughness thiab tsawg tawg propagation. Tus nqi ntawm kev puas tsuaj-tolerant titanium alloys. Tam sim no, cov teb chaws tsim tawm txawv teb chaws tau ua tus thawj coj hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv titanium alloy tshiab puas tsuaj thiab lawv daim ntawv thov hauv cov dav hlau siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xws li nruab nrab-lub zog Ti-6Al-4VELI thiab siab. -strength Ti-6-222s, thiab lwm yam. Nws tau ua tiav siv dav hauv tiam tshiab xws li Asmeskas F-22, F-35 thiab C-17. Txhim kho lub neej ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub dav hlau. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm aircraft tsim lub tswv yim, kev puas tsuaj rau kev tsim cov tswv yim ntawm titanium alloy qauv kuj tau pib tau txais kev saib xyuas hauv kuv lub teb chaws. Txij li thaum "Kaum Tsib Tsib Xyoo", kuv lub teb chaws tau tsim kev ywj pheej TC4-DT nruab nrab-lub zog thiab siab-toughness puas-ua siab ntev titanium alloy thiab TC21 high-strength thiab high-toughness puas-tolerant titanium alloy, thiab tsim lub machining ntawm kev puas tsuaj-tolerant titanium alloy. thev naus laus zis, uas tau tso lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov dav hlau tshiab hauv kuv lub tebchaws. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm titanium alloys rau aviation thiab aerospace cov qauv, kuv lub teb chaws tau tsim nws tus kheej tsim lub zog qis thiab siab tawv hlau titanium alloys (NiTi) thiab yeeb nkab alloys (TA18), 1300MPa-2000Mpa series ultra -high-strength titanium alloys (TB8, TB9, TB20), thiab lwm yam., ib tug tshiab titanium alloy khoom system nrog Suav cov yam ntxwv rau aircraft lug tau pib, thiab ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm titanium alloys rau aviation thiab aerospace lug tau tsim. Qhov kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb yog qhia hauv Table 1

Main technical indicators, As structural titanium alloys

Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) yog nruab nrab-lub zog - titanium alloy tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1960s. Nws muaj cov khoom zoo heev thiab paub tias yog universal alloy. Nws yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv dav dav hlau alloy rau aviation thiab aerospace cov qauv. Titanium alloys, nrog rau daim hlau, tuav thiab forgings, thiab lwm yam. Cov hlau muaj cov vuam zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo, thiab cov hlau zoo-grained muaj superplasticity, thiab cov khoom nyuaj tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm superplastic forming / diffusion bonding (SPF / DB. ). High-strength structural titanium alloys feem ntau xa mus rau alloys nrog lub zog tensile ntawm ntau tshaj 1000MPa. Tam sim no, high-strength titanium alloys uas sawv cev rau lub thoob ntiaj teb advanced theem thiab tau xyaum siv nyob rau hauv aircraft mas muaj xws li metastable -type alloys Ti-15-3, 21S, nyob ze -type alloy Ti-1023 thiab {{16 }} hom ob-theem titanium alloy BT22. Siv cov khoom siv muaj zog titanium alloy los hloov 30CrMnSiA cov qauv hlau uas siv rau hauv cov qauv dav hlau tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntau dua 20 feem pua.

Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2Mo (TC21) yog lub zog siab, siab tawv, kev puas tsuaj rau ob-theem titanium alloy tsim nyob rau hauv 1970s. Tom qab kev kho mob thermomechanical, cov hlau alloy muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog siab, kev ua siab ntev zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo rau kev qaug zog tawg, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom muaj zog thiab siab tawv load-bearing Cheebtsam. Los ntawm kev ntxiv Si keeb, cov alloy tuav lub zog siab ntawm qhov nruab nrab kub, uas zoo dua Ti-6Al-4V. Cov ntawv hlau tuaj yeem tsim tau superplastic nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub.

Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al(TB6) yog lub zog muaj zog, siab tawv ze-beta titanium alloy tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970s. Lub alloy muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb, zoo tawg toughness, loj hardening cheeb tsam, me me anisotropy, zoo forging kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj zog corrosion kuj, thiab muaj ntau yam zoo ntawm metastable titanium alloy tsis poob - titanium alloy. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev tsim kev puas tsuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ntseeg siab thiab tus nqi qis. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm kub yog 320 degree. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm no alloy yog tuav, forgings, tuab daim hlau thiab profiles. Los ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab kev laus kev kho cua sov, kev sib tw zoo ntawm lub zog, plasticity thiab tawg toughness tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab nws tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv nrog cov kev xav tau siab ntawm lub zog thiab tawg toughness. Zoo toughness thiab tsis tshua muaj kev loj hlob npaum li cas yuav tau txais los ntawm thermomechanical kev kho mob, uas yog haum rau cov qauv nrog siab puas toughness yuav tsum tau.